If you have been recently diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, I hope you find some comfort in knowing this is the best time to start to manage your diabetes. Diabetics no longer need to eliminate all carbohydrates from their diet but they do need to choose foods with a lower glycemic index.
The glycemic index is a numerical measure of how quickly food raises your blood sugar level. The goal of a diabetic is to maintain a steady blood sugar level and avoid high peaks throughout the day. High blood sugar is bad for your body; keeping the level of blood sugar as normal as possible prevents the complications associated with diabetes.
The beta cells of the pancreas produce a hormone of major importance, insulin. Wherever insulin travels in your body, it opens up the cells so that glucose can enter them. After sugar leaves your blood and enters your cells, your blood sugar levels falls. Your pancreas can tell when your blood sugar is falling and it then turns off the release of insulin. This prevents your blood sugar becoming too low.
You become a diabetic when:
- the beta cells of the pancreas have been destroyed or are unable to produce insulin... this refers to Type 1 diabetes.
- your pancreas manufactures insulin in adequate amounts and although sugar is delivered to your body's cells, your cells will not let the insulin and sugar enter. This is known as insulin resistance, the base cause of Type 2 diabetes.
Blood sugar control is then achieved through healthy food choices and, sometimes prescribed medication: injectable insulin or a variety of oral drugs such as glucophage, gliberide or glucatrol. Thankfully, Type 2 diabetics can actually reverse their condition if they are willing to make some major alterations to their diet, and add exercise to their daily routine.
To maintain an even blood sugar, diabetics are advised to commit to eating breakfast, lunch and dinner, and a few snacks. Monitor your blood sugar so you can start finding out what types of meals put you into the best blood sugar zone.
Smart snacking can make all the difference to your total daily food intake and the right snack also helps keep your blood sugar level from going too high. Foods with a low glycemic index are recommended for snacks. The following foods are considered to have a low glycemic index:
- fruit,
- vegetables,
- whole grain or minimally processed grains,
- legumes (bean type food that grows in a pod or a shell).
A 100 to 200 calorie (420 to 840 kilojoule) snack may be just the thing to ward off hunger so you don't overeat when mealtime comes around. Be careful you don't get into the dangerous all day grazing pattern though... this makes it very difficult to control your calorie intake.
A few snack ideas:
- low-fat cheddar cheese with a small pear,
- beef jerky with a large rice cake,
- celery and carrot dipped in ricotta cheese spread, or maybe a low-fat dressing,
- no-sugar-added peanut butter on celery sticks,
- low-fat or fat-free cottage cheese and a cup of cantaloupe,
- no sugar-added low-fat yogurt,
- 2 tablespoons of nuts and vegetable juice,
- a whole grain cracker with cheese or cheese spread.
If you're back in the kitchen at 9 or 10 at night looking for chips, cookies, or crackers to munch in front of the TV, maybe you didn't eat enough calories during the day... eating high carbohydrate food is your body's attempt to pick itself up. But these foods not only send your blood sugar skyrocketing immediately, they help to pack on the pounds, increasing insulin resistance and the risk of heart disease.
If you indulge in any food after dinner, the buildup of triglycerides and cholesterol becomes much worse. During sleep fat is burned but it can only happen if there's no food in the gut.
As with any diet change, it's important to find what you like and make it work. Otherwise, you will be sidelined with Type 2 diabetes and medications for the rest of your life.